Type of organizational structure for a company you may work for Term Paper

Type of organizational structure for a company you may work for - Term Paper Example The first Federal agency to offer medical care to veterans was the Naval Home in Philadelphia, PA. The home was formed in 1812 and was followed by the formation of Soldiers Home in 1853 and St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in 1855. Congress shaped the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in 1865 in answer to the towering number of Civil War casualties. These homes were at first intended to be room and board for disabled veterans. Though, by the late 1920’s, the homes were giving a level of care similar to hospital care. Beginning in the mid-1990s VHA undergo what the agency characterizes as a major alteration aimed at improving the excellence and effectiveness of care it provides to its patients. That conversion included eliminating underutilized inpatient beds and amenities, increasing outpatient clinics, and reorganization eligibility rules. A main focus of the conversion was the tracking of a number of routine indicators—counting quality-of-care procedures—and holding senior managers responsible for improvements in those events. In the July 18, 2005 matter of US News and World Report, Veterans Administration hospital care is hyped as over and over again as the best around. The high ranking to the conversion of the VA health care classification over the precedent decade. Starting in the l990s under the guidance of Dr. Kenneth Kizer, the Veterans Health Administration organized a presentation and answerability system that was joined openly to the value of patient care and result. Patient protection and a new culture of safety that heartens coverage and assessment of errors plus close calls, instead of the corrective emergence of the past, carry on to be an aspect in Veterans Administration’s success (Allison Percy, 2009 ). In adding up, computerized patient report, clinical reminders that endorse guideline suggested care, a bar coding system for further precise drug

How is Cannery Row like a Tide Pool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

How is Cannery Row like a Tide Pool - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the starfish prey on mussels whereas gulls break open the sea urchins and feed on the starfish. The black bears also sometimes feed on the intertidal creatures when the tides are low. However, as much as the organisms must avoid the strong currents, wave, sun and predators to survive, they also rely on the constant changes in the pools for food. The creatures that thrive in the tide pool cannot survive on their own. There is some kind of interdependence among the various organisms, where each relies on the other for survival according to Halpern. This way of life in the tide pools have attracted special attention of philosophical writers such as John Steinbeck, marine biologists and naturalists.  This paper outlines that the life structures in the tide pools directly relate to the social structures of the Cannery Row. The mussels and limpets occupy the lowest status at the bottom of the pool whereas the starfish that prey on them and the eels that hide in crevices occupy a status above them. Hermit crabs who are always on the look out for empty shells that might be bigger than the ones they have also occupy the bottom of the sea. However, this structure is often silenced when the tides come back in but begin all over again when the tides move back and the ocean draws back.  The story of the Cannery Row revolves around the people left behind when the Cannery had closed. Mack and his friends (the boys) occupy the lowest status at the bottom end of the social structure just as the mussels.

The Overview Experiencing Windows 8 Computer Science Essay

The Overview Experiencing Windows 8 Computer Science Essay Windows 8 is the newest member of the Windows family designed to replace its very successful sibling, Windows 7. If youve used Windows XP, Vista and 7 for the last 10 years, it will definitely take time to get used to keyboard-and-mouse Windows 8 but it will grow on you if you approach it correctly. One of the biggest gripes about Windows 8 is the removal of the all familiar Start Menu. It is true the Start Menu has been replaced with the Start Screen (also referred to as the Metro or Modern UI) making things look and feel quite different on first impression. C:UsersAndrewAppDataLocalTempSNAGHTML27ac075.PNG Just how often do you use the Start Menu in Windows 7 and how do you use it? At the time of writing this I have been using Windows 8 for a few weeks and Ive used the new Start Screen only a handful of times and almost immediately was using Windows 8 fluently despite the absence of the Start Menu, though as a power user I know the shortcuts around Windows to make the transition easier. If you are getting stuck I promise by the end of this program you will wonder what all the fuss was about! There are ways to simply avoid the Start Screen if you wish, nonetheless this wouldnt be a learning experience if we didnt explore it and its features just a little. After which you can decide how you use or dont use it. Chances are if you speak to something who is unhappy with Windows 8 their gripe will be with the Start Screen implementation, we will learn that this is simply a premature reaction since its use is optional. Another complaint may be the user-unfriendly nature of Windows 8 on a desktop computer with keyboard and mouse. This is a somewhat legitimate criticism, it is true Microsoft have Tablets firmly in their sights with the release of Windows 8 and with this in mind Windows 8 naturally feels good on a Tablet and a little foreign on a PC. Its perfectly normal to have misgivings about something that appears to be incredibly different but with further exposure you will find it is actually very similar to Windows 7. It works well on low-powered laptops and tablets, Windows 8 is fundamentally faster and more efficient than Windows 7. On a higher-powered desktop, Windows 8 flies! http://cashback-online-casino.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/different-cashback.jpg Why Windows 8? C:UsersAndrewAppDataLocalTempSNAGHTML26aa50c.PNG Windows 8 is faster than 7 First off, Microsoft stripped out a lot of what bloated Windows editions in the past. Things like DVD playback and other extraneous features that can easily be added on via third-party apps were dropped in an effort to slim down the OS. Its not surprising, then, that Windows 8 uses less memory compared to 7. The reduced memory consumption and overall smaller footprint of Windows 8 has corporate significance in that aging corporate desktops can continue ticking that little bit longer. If you were initially planning on replacing more of your PC fleet than you hoped, Windows 8 may save your company some decent cash. Technical jargon: The biggest improvements to Windows 8 are under the hood. The new graphics subsystem, which uses DirectX to render all text and windows, makes the OS more responsive as you move windows or scroll through the Start Screen. Internet Explorer 10 and Microsoft Office 2013 feel faster, too. Faster start times Albeit less significant in the corporate environment, if there is one thing that annoys the home user it is waiting for Windows to boot up. Hurry up darn you! Couple Windows 8 with a decent SSD (Solid State Drive) a PC start-up of just 5-6 seconds is achievable with Windows 8 on a fast computer. A shutdown in three seconds is also possible. Microsoft went back to the drawing board to redesign the boot process for speed and the difference is substantial. Technical jargon: What they came up with was a hybrid of cold brooding and hibernate mode essentially the internal Windows processes use hibernate all the time, but the drivers start up like they would on a cold boot. In English this simply means Windows 8 will boot up faster than any of the previous Windows OSs ever have. In fact some people are complaining that it boots up too fast, more on this can be found in the troubleshooting section. http://www.howtogeek.com/geekers/up/sshot4e69c238a9767.jpg Stay current Windows rollouts take 12-18 months; why fall further behind on your upgrade cycle? Most estimates on a business migration from one Windows version to another are pitted at a 12 to 18 month timespan. Think about this purely from a ROI perspective for a second: if you havent even begun a migration to Windows 7, where will you be time-wise when you finally finish? Keep in mind that Windows 7 came out in mid-2009 which means if you are pondering whether to begin a move to Win 7 just now, you wont be finished until about late 2013 if not well into 2014. Windows 7 will already be an OS that has been on the market for 4-5 years at that point, meaning you will be eyeing your next Windows move in the not-so-distant future. Touch Windows 8 offers true ten-point multi-touch that works well. Sceptical PC users may remember past Microsoft Tablet PC efforts that were clunky and cumbersome to work with, but Windows 8 is a different animal altogether. Touch is an integral part of the experience, not a bolted-on afterthought. A whole new world of apps Windows 8 gives PC users a whole new world of full-screen, touch-friendly, Web-connected apps to explore. And these new apps can even display relevant information on their Windows Start Screen tiles, something impossible in Windows 7 or just about any other operating system around, save Windows Phone. The new Windows Store-analogous to Apples iTunes App Store-makes discovering and installing these new-style apps a breeze. The update process is simple, and you can install purchased apps on multiple Windows 8 devices without paying again, provided youre signed in. Finally, uninstalling the apps is streamlined by the Store, with no Registry complications as in past Windows versions apps. SkyDrive integration (Cloud) Microsofts cloud service has become way, way more than just online storage. Sure, it still lets you save and access files to an online space thats accessible from a Web browser or apps that run on not only Windows, but also Mac OS X, iOS, Android, and Windows Phone. But with Windows 8, SkyDrive is accessible to any app that wants to use it, just as though it were a local drive. It also backs up your PCs settings, letting you replicate your environment should you get a new PC. Better Security, Less-intrusive updates Microsofts focus on security in Windows 8 is readily apparent. If the performance aspects of Windows 8 arent enough to sway you from 7, then perhaps all of the investment in security features will get you over the line. While there are too many to name in here, a few of the most important ones must be mentioned. Technical jargon: Secure Boot is a core feature of Windows 8 security that in essence locks down the OS initialization process to the point where rootkits and other popular malware will no longer have a place to hide. Microsoft couples validated secure firmware to help authenticate the boot process and get rid of the back door that has existed for so long. Windows To Go is a new feature that replicates what we have come to know in the Linux world as Live CDs. How does this fit into a business usage of Windows 8? This enables an IT department to hand out Windows To Go powered flash drives (not all flash drives are compatible though) to contractors and other short-term workers who need access to a standardized instance of Windows 8. In the past, IT had to provide the hardware and software for end users. Not so much anymore. Improved Printer Driver support Sick of managing printer drivers? Corporate and home users can sympathise with this. Windows 8 does away with the mess associated with its older siblings. Anyone who has tried to manage a modern print server, its fairly well known that making end-users lives easier entails a lengthy process of finding proper drivers, testing them, and deploying them centrally hoping nothing screws up in the process. Microsoft realised this and built an entirely new backend for getting Windows 8 and printers to talk. Multi-monitor support finally done right Corporate workers tend to use multiple monitors now to get their work done. Its a simple fact of life. Windows 7, whilst fairly decent was never perfect with how it handled multiple screens. Initial detection was often hit and miss; the taskbar never quite figured out how to span across all screens; and moving applications between screens was sometimes a chore when perfect placement was necessary. Luckily, Microsoft has done a great deal to address the issues with multiple screen usage in Windows 8. Using multiple monitors shouldnt be a chore, and has been simplified in many regards. For example, you can now easily tell Windows 8 to span the common taskbar across all your screens. Customisation of the various desktops is vast, with the ability to span large wallpapers or have separate wallpapers for every monitor. You can even move Modern UI apps over to different screens to your liking. Windows 7 desktop remains You dont have to miss the old Windows Desktop with Windows 8. Simply press the Escape key and your back at the Desktop just the way you liked it on 7. The Windows Desktop will look almost exactly the same as it did under Windows 7, and if youve upgraded to Windows 8, it will contain all your old shortcuts. Whats changed since Windows 7? The list of differences is long but not all of them are noticeable at first. Windows 8 is essentially a slimmed down version of Windows 7 with a new appearance added primarily in the form of the new Start Screen which can appear daunting to some first time users. Windows 8 has been designed to work on a range of different devices from desktops, laptops and tablets and that is why it has been designed to run faster because Windows 7 in its current form would be bloated and slow on a tablet (assuming it could directly run in the first place, which it cant) Windows 8 performance can be pushed even faster by simply running it on a computer with an SSD (Solid-State Drive) installed, it also generally runs faster on newer hardware compared to 7. Windows eight not only supports, but was essentially designed with touch screens in mind. Displays from the size of 10.6 inches to 82 inch screens are supported as well as improved support for multiple displays. A brief rundown of new features can be observed below: A New Login Screen The Login Screen of old is, the simple blank has been replaced with a feature rich lock screen. (shown below). This displays the time and date and can also show additional information such as weather, unopened emails and even your daily agenda if you like. Windows 8 : Lock Screen A New Start Screen (goodbye Start Menu, hello Start Screen!) This is certainly the biggest visual change in Windows 8, despite the new appearance it can still be used in much the same way as the Start Menu has functioned since Windows Vista/7. It also data is quite a bit more such as displaying live data (e.g. latest weather reports, stock market prices, remaining cloud storage and many more). There is no denying this has been designed for tablet/touchscreen operation however it can work perfectly fine with the traditional keyboard and mouse. Windows Store This will be more familiar to those who have owned or used an iPhone or Android device. It is a place where you can install apps and games from a vast and growing collection, the vast majority of which are free. Internet Explorer 10 Internet Explorer has not been left out either with many improvements it is faster, safer and the most compliant version of inert explorer ever made. Online Microsoft Account The end user is now encouraged to use Windows 8 with a Microsoft account that synchronises data and settings across all your Windows 8 devices. If for some reason you lock yourself out of a computer or device help can be requested via email to get you back up and running as quick as possible. A New File Explorer At first glance Windows Explorer looks much the same as it always has however the old drop-down menu boxes have been replaced with a ribbon-based interface just like the one used in Microsoft office 2007, 2010 and 2013. Improvements have also been made in the file copying system with respect to performance and appearance (as shown below). Windows Defender Windows defender has been further improved in Windows 8 to better protect against antivirus and anti-spyware. Task Manager Task Manager has essentially remained much the same since Windows 95/98, operating systems from almost two decades ago. Windows 8 brings in a completely new overhauled Task Manager which can still do all the things the old Task Manager plus a lot more. (shown below) C:UsersAndrewAppDataLocalTempSNAGHTML1198c0c.PNG Multi-Language support You are no longer required to purchase different versions of Windows to display a particular language, Windows 8 allows you to alternate between languages on the fly. Windows Media Center No longer part of Windows 8 out-of-the-box, this has been a victim of the aforementioned slimming down of Windows, it can however still be purchased as an optional extra. File History This is a new feature that provides an easy way to make automated backups of your data. Enhanced Parental Controls The parental controls in Windows 8 offer many improvements from their Windows 7 counterparts. This list is by no means complete. To discover all the new features in Windows 8, read this book and experiment with all the new things Windows 8 has to offer. Which Edition of Windows 8 Should I Buy? The answer depends on how you plan to use Windows 8. If you are a casual user who needs to browse the web, use productivity applications, play games, watch movies, and view pictures, then the basic Windows 8 edition will work just fine. If you are a more knowledgeable user who wants to use more advanced features such as BitLocker encryption or make Remote Desktop connections to your computer, Windows 8 Pro is a good choice. For small businesses that dont need an expensive enterprise version, the Windows 8 Pro edition is a very good choice. The next question worth clarifying is: 32-bit or 64-bit? If you plan to use Windows 8 on an older computer with less than 4 GB of RAM, the 32-bit edition works just fine. However, on newer computers, you should always use the 64-bit edition. You get a bit more performance and security, but most importantly, you get support for large amounts of RAM. The 32-bit version cannot manage more than 4 GB of RAM memory (in actuality its a little bit less). If you plan to use more than that (such as running virtual servers), you should use the 64-bit edition. Windows 8 upgrade path Windows 7 edition Can upgrade to Windows RT? Can upgrade to Windows 8? Can upgrade to Windows 8 Pro? Can upgrade to Windows 8 Enterprise? Enterprise No No No Yes Ultimate Yes No Professional Yes Home Premium Yes No Home Basic Starter Comparison of Windows 8 editionshttp://www.pallareviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/compare-windows-8-versions_26D5/compare_windows_8_versions_thumb.jpg Starting Windows 8 You open the lock screen by swiping upwards on the screen with your finger if you have a touch display, or by pressing any key on the computers keyboard. When you first started using your computer, you may have set a password for your user account. If you did, you will be asked for this before you can unlock the computer. You can also create a number password for Windows 8 or use a Picture Password. If all this security is too much for you (as it may be for a home user) then there is a way to remove this screen completely, well look into that later. Finding your way around the new Start Screen The Start Screen (shown below), in Windows 8 is based around square and rectangular coloured blocks called Tiles, each one when clicked or tapped starts an app, which will perform a specific task such as sending and receiving email, viewing web pages, editing photographs, or play a game. The Start Screen pans left to right across your screen. Swipe left and right with your finger to pan across the Start Screen. If you are using a mouse, you will see a scroll bar at the bottom of the screen when you move the mouse. Click/Touch and drag this left and right to look around the Start Screen. You can also use the scroll wheel (up and down) on your mouse to move left and right on the Start Screen. http://www.bleepstatic.com/tutorials/windows-8/introduction-start-screen/windows-8-start-screen.jpg As you look around the Start screen you will see that some Tiles change occasionally to display text or images. These are Live Tiles, which give you information from inside the app or show you what is new or changed, such as giving you a message. These messages can include details of new emails or social network messages, informing you of the number of updates that are available for your apps in the Windows Store or giving you news headlines. You can rearrange Tiles on the Start screen by dragging them around and dropping them into a new location, which can help you organize them to best suit you. Not all the apps and software in Windows 8 will appear on the Start screen. For example, you may have chosen to hide a Tile to keep your Start Screen tidy, or perhaps you dont use it regularly. There is a lot more to the new Start Screen than a pretty page with tiles, it can be manipulated in different ways and accesses other areas of Windows 8. Well look at all of these later. Starting Windows 8 When Windows 8 starts, you will see the lock screen (Figure 1-1). This displays the time and date and can also show extra information including how many emails you have and what your next calendar appointment is. You open the lock screen by swiping upwards on the screen with your finger, if you have a touch display, or by pressing any key on the computers keyboard. When you first started using your computer, you may have set a password for your user account. If you did, you will be asked for this before you can unlock the computer. You can also create a number password for Windows 8 or use a Picture Password. I will show you how to do this in Chapter 12. First, lets deal with the contentious Start Screen. Ill admit that I had some reservations on this score initially. But once you realise the Windows 8 Start Screen simply replaces the old Start Menu your reluctance about moving to Windows 8 will disperse. The Start Screen is flat, rather than hierarchical, as earlier Windows OSs are. Whether you use a touch-enabled screen, a laptop touchpad, or the scroll wheel on a mouse, practically everything you need for launching and managing applications is right there, within reach. And if youre a Start Menu diehard, you can right-click the lower left portion of the Start Screen to bring up a simplified Start Menu.

Greek Architecture Essay -- Greece Essays Temples Building History

Greek Architecture The Greek culture has had a huge impact on the history of the world. There is something Greek in almost everything, especially in the world’s architecture. Greece no longer had one king, so they focused on building temples for their gods. Architecture began small and plain but evolved into impressive pieces of art. As time passed from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period, the people of Greece developed a type of formula for their buildings and their pieces of art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Ancient Greece, religion dominated their life, so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion. Before Greece became many different city-states, they had kings, and they would build a room called a megaron to show they King’s authority. A typical megaron is a single chamber with a fire pit in the middle with a throne off to the side. This room opened up into a porch (portico) that had four columns in the front. After there were no more kings these megarons turned into temples. The fire pit, which turned into some type of altar or a place to show a sacrifice for that god, was now outside in front of the temple. The altar was now outside so people could see you make these sacrifices to their gods. The first Greek temples were made out of wood and were long rectangular buildings with a porch all the way around which was supported by columns made from tree trunks. A Greek temple consists of five basic parts: the pediment, entablature, columns, base, and the cella, or the inner sanctum. The pediment is triangular and would have a type of sculpture or ornament known as acreteria on each corner. An entablature consists of three parts: the cornice, frieze, and architrave, which holds up the pediment. The columns are the support between the entablature and the base. The base usually consists of three steps. The cella is the inner sanctum, which has different rooms with more columns for support. Each temple would have a cella but they were not identical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greeks developed an architectural system called an order, to distinguish the different styles of temples. Each order has a different proportions, entablature, and columns. The three Greek orders are called Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Doric order is considered to be the masculine order. The columns are short and stout and very plain. A Doric column has no base a... ...he most important part of the agora. The stoa would be used for political, economical, or financial reasons. The Greeks also built gyms to exercise. During the Hellenistic period, the Greeks seemed to build more buildings where men could gather and socialize than places for worship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Hellenistic period, you find the first monument built to celebrate someone who was not a general, god, or ruler. The Monument to Iysicrates is located in Athens, and is the first time a Corthinian column is used on the exterior. There was not a lot of money to spend on new temples but they still managed to build the Temple of Zeus Olympius. There is not much left of it today but it was huge. This temple was decastyle, meaning ten columns across, and the columns were sixty-five feet tall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even today the ideas and formulas of Greek architecture influence present day architects. When you think of Roman architecture, you think of the arch but even then they used the Imperial Motif to decorate their buildings. The Imperial Motif is the art of trabeation on arcuated architecture. The architecture of Ancient Greece will continue to influence the architecture of today and tomorrow.

Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

Going back to the previous stages of Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory of Development I have been, I think I have been fixated at my Latency Stage during my elementary years because I was not that free to explore things on my own. I do not mix up with my other grade school friends back then that much. I didn’t even play basketball with my nearby neighbors that’s why until now, I do not know how to play basketball. I and my siblings used to stay at home all day, all night even our parents were not around. We are not allowed to go out of the neighborhood just to roam around and talk around. Maybe this is the reason why I do not know how to socialize totally with other people, keeps me of not being hooked up with some of naughty things and vices. And gets me out of danger and trouble in the way. I think I am a well-rounded person already, regardless of being my unsociable behavior wherein I can’t and I don’t easily get involved nor caught up with the jests of my friend and when it’s my turn, they always find me corny and some sort of out-of-the-world guy. But then, I still thank my parents for raising me up like this. In such a way that it’s only me and my family can understand each other. It’s quite selfish though, but I like it that way.

Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and Wic Analysis

Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and WIC Analysis a. How effective is the policy is in terms of solving the social problem. The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 has since formed and developed many programs beneath it to aid those in poverty. The five top producing programs under the Child Nutrition Act in fiscal year 2010 include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the National School Lunch Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and the School Breakfast Program.WIC serves 45-50 % of all infants born in the United States (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 3). According to Kowaleski-Jones & Duncan (2002), much of the research on the effects of WIC participation on children has focused on the potential benefits of increased use of prenatal care, increased Medicaid savings, better infant outcomes, and less infant mortality. In addition to the previously stated, WIC’s effecti veness can be supported by the perception of â€Å"WIC Works,† (Kowaleski-Jones, & Duncan, 2002).The observation that â€Å"WIC works,† is driven by the great deal of research for WIC partakers to birth healthier offspring (Kowaleski-Jones, & Duncan, 2002). For example, each dollar spent on WIC saved the state at least $1. 77 to $3. 13 in health care costs (Bitler, & Currie, 2004). According to Public Health Nurse Supervisor Luzette Samargia, of Duluth, Minnesota, WIC is effective and produces positive outcomes (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 11).Luzette manages about 27 public health nurses and 3 dieticians, who as part of their jobs are highly trained to provide WIC health checks, breastfeeding encouragement, nutrition counseling for mothers and their young children, and appropriate WIC food vouchers (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 7). According to Luzette: WIC has generally not been found to significantly change food patterns of participants or to redu ce the incidence of obesity. Thus, WIC programs are increasing their focus on nutrition education.And in 2009 the WIC nutrition advice and foods available with WIC vouchers were completely updated in accordance with current USDA guidelines. For example, WIC vouchers may now be used for fresh fruits and vegetables, more whole-grain products are required and only milk with 2 percent or lower fat content is authorized for women and children age 2 and older (Facing Hunger in America, 2011, para. 12). WIC’s goal is not to end poverty and solve all problems amongst it. WIC’s purpose is to aid those in need and supplement their nutritional prerequisites.Breastfeeding an infant is vital to a newborns development, yet not everyone has this knowledge. WIC does offer free infant formula to its participants but strongly encourages mothers to breastfeed. b. Describe the policy’s strengths and limitations Limitations involved when discussing WIC can be drawn to breastfeeding rates. Because WIC provides free infant formula, breastfeeding rates have been a hot topic amongst WIC participants. However, according to the National WIC Association breastfeeding rates have slightly risen in recent years.In the year 2004, approximately 55% of mother’s participating in WIC’s benefits were breastfeeding; in the year 2010 rates had increased to over 60% (National WIC Association [NWA], 2011). An additional limitation involved with WIC is of course funding (Mahoney, 2008). Each year Congress authorizes just how much of funding will be allotted for the WIC program (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 4) According to the USDA: They requested $6. 1 billion for the WIC Program for fiscal year 2009, a 1. 3% increase from fiscal year 2008.This request was based on projected increases in participation and food costs, and the USDA’s proposal to limit nutrition services, cut administrative costs, and to restrict eligibility for Medicaid recipients – a proposal reje cted by Congress for fiscal year 2008 (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 4). With inflation rates continually on the rise and because WIC is not an entitlement program, if funds are not available eligible participants at nutritional risk may not receive the supplemental nutrients as they have in the past (Mahoney, 2008, pg. 5).In contrast to limitations WIC also has much strength. In Indiana alone, according to the National WIC Association in the fiscal year of 2011 167,875 women, infants, and children participated (National WIC Association [NWA], 2013, pg. 1). WIC is preparing ways in which women can avoid the long lines, the stigma, and hassle when purchasing nutritious foods. Indiana is currently preparing plans in converting the WIC program to the Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) by 2020 (NWA, 2013, pg. 2) c. Who gains and who loses as a result of the policy? . Are there people in need who are left out? Who is left out? WIC serves a tightly-defined population – strictly low to moderate income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant women, breastfeeding women, non-breastfeeding postpartum women, infants, and children up to their fifth birthday (Facing Hunger in America, 2011). Participants of WIC’s family members may benefit from participation, yet if you were not mentioned previously you may be left out from receiving WIC benefits. e. Is the policy addressing only a portion of a larger issue?What is the larger issue? f. Does the policy improve social well-being? Explain in detail. g. Does the policy advance the cause of social and economic justice? References Bitler, M. , & Currie, J. (2004, June). Does wic work? The effects of wic on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Retrieved from http://www. econ. ucla. edu/people/papers/currie/more/prams. pdf Facing Hunger in America. (2011, June 23). Wic works. Retrieved from http://facinghungerinamerica. blogspot. com/2011/06/wic-works. html Kowaleski-Jones, L, & Duncan, G. (2002).Effects of participation in the wic program on b irthweight: Evidence from the longitudinal survey of youth. American Journal of Public Health, 92(5), 799-804. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447164/ Mahoney, M. (2008). The special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, & children (wic): Opportunities to influence participants’ health in Minnesota. Tobacco Law Center. Retrieved from http://phlc. stylefish. com/sites/default/files/resources/phlc-policy-wic. pdf National WIC Association. (2011). Advocacy action center.Retrieved from http://www. nwica. org/? q=advocacy/1 National WIC Association. (2013, January). How wic impacts the people of Indiana. Retrieved from http://www. paramountcommunication. com/nwica/Indiana. pdf National WIC Association. (2011, November). Wic funding: What does sequestration mean for wic’s future? Retrieved from http://www. paramountcommunication. com/nwica/WICSequestration. pdf Neuberger, Z. (2013, March 5). Sequestration could deny nutrition deny up to 750,000 at-Risk low-Income women and children. Center and Budget and Policy Priorities.Retrieved from http://www. offthechartsblog. org/category/food-assistance/child-nutrition-and-wic/ Neuberger, Z. , & Greenstein, B. (2013, March 5). The impact of the sequester on wic: 575,000 to 750,00 eligible low income women and children at nutritional risk could be denied benefits. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www. cbpp. org/files/2-26-13fa. pdf Studymode. (2010, February). Social welfare: Wic schema. Retrieved from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Social-Welfare-Wic-Schema-285472. html Whaley, S. E. , Koleilat, M. , Whaley, M. Gomez, J. , Meehan, K. , & Saluja, K. (2012). Impact of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(12), 2269-2273. doi:10. 2105/AJPH. 2012. 300770 Wolf, J. (n. d. ). Wic: Women, infants, & children. Retrieved from http://singleparents. about. com/od/financi alhel1/p/wic. htm U. S. Department of Agriculture. (2011, March). The food assistance landscape. (Economic Information Bulletin No. 6-8). Washington DC: Economic Research Service. Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/129642/eib6-8. pdf